Enhancing skd readiness in peripheral regions: A visual-digital approach and public speaking pedagogy to achieve performance equity in kupang city
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53515/alqodiri.v24i1.52Keywords:
Multimedia learning, Public speaking pedagogy, Rural education equity, SKD performance readiness, Visual-digital instructionAbstract
Persistent educational inequality in peripheral regions continues to undermine students’ competitiveness in high-stakes standardized assessments, particularly when instructional practices remain misaligned with the cognitive and affective demands of such tests. Addressing this gap, this study investigates the effectiveness of an integrated visual-digital and public speaking pedagogical model in enhancing students’ readiness for the Basic Competency Test (SKD) in Kupang City, Indonesia. Employing a mixed-methods quasi-experimental design with a pretest–posttest structure, the study involved 60 senior high school students selected through purposive sampling. The intervention combined multimedia-based instruction to strengthen analytical reasoning and general knowledge with public speaking training to develop confidence and situational judgment. Quantitative analysis using paired sample t-tests and effect size measures revealed statistically significant improvements across all domains, with large effects observed in cognitive outcomes and moderate yet meaningful gains in affective competencies. Qualitative findings further indicated increased engagement, motivation, and active participation as key mechanisms underlying these improvements. Importantly, the results demonstrate that pedagogical integration exerts a more decisive influence on learning outcomes than technological infrastructure alone, challenging dominant assumptions in digital education discourse. The study advances a novel dual-domain learning framework that explicitly integrates cognitive processing and affective readiness as interdependent drivers of performance. From a practical standpoint, the findings offer a scalable and context-sensitive instructional model for underserved regions. Ultimately, this research argues that achieving educational equity requires not merely expanding access to technology, but fundamentally reconfiguring pedagogy to align with the holistic learning needs of students in resource-constrained environments.
References
Bangu, Siagian, H. J., & Alifariki, L. O. (2025). The impact of health literacy on adherence to isometric exercise and its effect on blood pressure in hypertensive patients. Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación, 73, 883. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v73.117675
Çeken, B., & Taşkın, N. (2022). Multimedia learning principles in different learning environments: A systematic review. Smart Learning Environments, 9(1), 19. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40561-022-00200-2
Ceylan, B. (2025). Enhancing public speaking skills with autonomous learning process (ALP): A case from vocational schools. Reflective Practice, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/14623943.2025.2576172
Deng, X. (2026). Working memory in technology-enhanced language learning: A systematic review from interactive to AI-mediated contexts. Frontiers in Psychology, 17. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1758104
Doyle, N. E., McDowall, A., Randall, R., & Knight, K. (2022). Does it work? Using a meta-impact score to examine global effects in quasi-experimental intervention studies. PLOS ONE, 17(3), e0265312. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0265312
Fayez, H., Adwan, M. N. A., Hegazy, A., & Hajji, M. E. (2026). The impact of artificial intelligence techniques on developing media content production skills: A comparative quasi-experimental study on students in France, Egypt, and the UAE. Journalism and Media, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/journalmedia7010043
Firdaus, A., Fadila, N., Fitri, N., Sikki, N. R. A., Masdan, N., & Nurfaikah. (2025). The effectiveness of scenario-based learning using Wireshark on packet analysis and network troubleshooting skills. Information Technology Education Journal, 298–308. https://doi.org/10.59562/intec.v4i2.2501
Hristov, S., Nakov, D., & Miočinović, J. (2023). Constructive alignment between objectives, teaching and learning activities, student competencies and assessment methods in higher education. Journal of Agriculture and Plant Sciences, 21(2), 21–36. https://doi.org/10.46763/JAPS23212021h
Huang, R., Liu, D., Kanwar, A. S., Zhan, T., Yang, J., Zhuang, R., Liu, M., Li, Z., & Adarkwah, M. A. (2024). Global understanding of smart education in the context of digital transformation. Open Praxis, 16(4), 663–676. https://doi.org/10.3316/informit.T2025011300014390169460143
Islam, Md. H., Nayeem, M., Liton, M., Sizan, J., & Sadik, S. (2024). The role of educational technology in enhancing learning in developing countries. Journal of Scientific Reports, 7, 197–212. https://doi.org/10.58970/JSR.1051
Jiao, Z., & Yu, X. (2026). Exploring the associations between social media engagement and patient-centered communication among chronic disease patients: The mediating roles of information application and self-efficacy. Digital Health, 12. https://doi.org/10.1177/20552076261425323
Kaimara, P. (2026). Digital transformation stands alongside inclusive education: Lessons learned from a project called “Waking Up in the Morning.” Technology, Knowledge and Learning, 31(1), 51–77. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10758-023-09667-5
Keller, B., & Branson, Z. (2024). Defining, identifying, and estimating causal effects with the potential outcomes framework: A review for education research. Asia Pacific Education Review, 25(3), 575–594. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12564-024-09957-2
Li, Y., Chen, D., & Deng, X. (2024). The impact of digital educational games on student’s motivation for learning: The mediating effect of learning engagement and the moderating effect of the digital environment. PLOS ONE, 19(1), e0294350. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0294350
Matsieli, M., & Mutula, S. (2024). COVID-19 and digital transformation in higher education institutions: Towards inclusive and equitable access to quality education. Education Sciences, 14(8). https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci14080819
Mayer, R. E. (2024). The past, present, and future of the cognitive theory of multimedia learning. Educational Psychology Review, 36(1), 8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-023-09842-1
Mirza, M. A., Khurshid, K., Shah, Z., Ullah, I., Binbusayyis, A., & Mahdavi, M. (2022). ILS validity analysis for secondary grade through factor analysis and internal consistency reliability. Sustainability, 14(13). https://doi.org/10.3390/su14137950
Naseer, F., & Khawaja, S. (2025). Mitigating conceptual learning gaps in mixed-ability classrooms: A learning analytics-based evaluation of AI-driven adaptive feedback for struggling learners. Applied Sciences, 15(8). https://doi.org/10.3390/app15084473
Nthambeleni, N. B., & Motadi, M. S. (2025). Digital globalisation and educational inequalities access, infrastructure, and pedagogy in marginalised regions. International Journal of Business Ecosystem & Strategy, 7(5), 496–509. https://doi.org/10.36096/ijbes.v7i5.1006
O’Garra, T., Martin, R., Pynegar, E., Polo-Urrea, C., & Eklund, J. (2025). Selecting among counterfactual methods to evaluate conservation interventions. Conservation Science and Practice, 7(11), e70066. https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.70066
Olanrewaju, G. S., Adebayo, S. B., Omotosho, A. Y., & Olajide, C. F. (2021). Left behind? The effects of digital gaps on e-learning in rural secondary schools and remote communities across Nigeria during the COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Educational Research Open, 2, 100092. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedro.2021.100092
Perez, E., Manca, S., Fernández-Pascual, R., & Mc Guckin, C. (2023). A systematic review of social media as a teaching and learning tool in higher education: A theoretical grounding perspective. Education and Information Technologies, 28(9), 11921–11950. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-023-11647-2
Roganović, J. (2025). Developing a consent checklist for AI in dentistry: Thematic analysis and pilot survey validation. Digital Health, 11. https://doi.org/10.1177/20552076251393227
Schlunegger, M. C., Zumstein-Shaha, M., & Palm, R. (2024). Methodologic and data-analysis triangulation in case studies: A scoping review. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 46(8), 611–622. https://doi.org/10.1177/01939459241263011
Tang, M., Ren, P., & Zhao, Z. (2024). Bridging the gap: The role of educational technology in promoting educational equity. The Educational Review, USA, 8(8). https://doi.org/10.26855/er.2024.08.012
Twabu, K. (2025). Enhancing the cognitive load theory and multimedia learning framework with AI insight. Discover Education, 4(1), 160. https://doi.org/10.1007/s44217-025-00592-6
Yeganeh, L. N., Fenty, N. S., Chen, Y., Simpson, A., & Hatami, M. (2025). The future of education: A multi-layered metaverse classroom model for immersive and inclusive learning. Future Internet, 17(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/fi17020063
Yi, J., Kim, H., Yoon, J. Y., & Kim, E. (2024). Evaluating the effects of action learning on the research competency of undergraduate nursing students: A mixed-methods study. Nurse Education Today, 140, 106260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2024.106260
Youssef, N., Saleeb, M., Gebreal, A., & Ghazy, R. M. (2023). The internal reliability and construct validity of the evidence-based practice questionnaire (EBPQ): Evidence from healthcare professionals in the Eastern Mediterranean region. Healthcare, 11(15). https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11152168
Yu, Z. (2022). Sustaining student roles, digital literacy, learning achievements, and motivation in online learning environments during the COVID-19 pandemic. Sustainability, 14(8). https://doi.org/10.3390/su14084388
Zheng, X., Mohd Puad, M. H., Ab Jalil, H., Zhendong, G., & Wei, W. (2025). Reconceptualization and pedagogical strategies of public speaking competency for employability: An integrative review. Education + Training, 67(10), 56–88. https://doi.org/10.1108/ET-11-2023-0463
Zhou, H. (2025). Exploring the dynamic teaching-learning relationship in interactive learning environments. Interactive Learning Environments, 33(7), 4363–4393. https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2025.2462149
Zhou, Q., Guo, S., Pan, J., Liang, J., Guo, J., Xu, Z., & Zhou, J. (2024). PASS: Patch automatic skip scheme for efficient on-device video perception. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 46(5), 3938–3954. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPAMI.2024.3350380
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Adellia Agusta, Noverius Henutesa Nggili, Roidah Afro, Sirilus N. M. Lelan, Mariano A.T. Nugraha, Yuan Valentino Elim, Dalmasius Naif, Aprianus Ronny Paskal Modena, Descorina Priscilla Br Sitompul

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.