An Islamic Education-Based Empowerment Model for Generation Z through the Utilization of Artificial Intelligence to Strengthen Religious Moderation in Tangerang City

Abstract

This study examined how Generation Z in a madrasah-centered setting in Tangerang City engages with digital religious information and Artificial Intelligence (AI), and it developed an Islamic education-based empowerment model for strengthening religious moderation in digital spaces. The study used a qualitative case study design with a Participatory Action Research (PAR) orientation. Data were obtained from Generation Z students at MTsN 1 Tangerang City and supporting stakeholders, including Islamic Education (PAI) teachers, the madrasah principal, and a representative of the Ministry of Religious Affairs of Tangerang City, through participant observation, in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, documentation, and literature review. The findings showed that religious moderation within the madrasah environment was generally perceived as harmonious, while concerns were concentrated in digital spaces where students frequently encounter religious information through social media and AI. Students demonstrated strong familiarity with digital technologies but still required support in evaluating source authority, verifying AI-generated religious information, and applying digital ethics. Across stakeholder accounts, AI was considered useful for learning and content creation when it remained a supporting instrument rather than a substitute for teachers or authoritative religious sources. Based on these findings, the study formulated a five-stage empowerment model comprising needs assessment, strengthening AI and religious literacy, mentoring and information verification, production of moderate Islamic content, and reflection and evaluation. The model provides a context-grounded framework for integrating Islamic educational values, critical AI use, teacher guidance, and student agency in efforts to strengthen religious moderation.